Compiled by the Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace in Zimbabwe, March 1997
	REPORT ON THE 80S ATROCITIES IN MATABELELAND AND THE MIDLANDS
THE DAMNING EVIDENCE THEY DIDN'T WANT YOU TO SEE

SECTION TWO - FINDINGS : CASE STUDY I (Section 2)
NYAMANDLOVU, INCLUSIVE OF TSHOLOTSHO: THE VILLAGE BY VILLAGE SUMMARY: INTEGRATION OF NAMED AND UNNAMED VICTIMS

1. Archival Data - The Chronicle, including quantification of dissident atrocities
2. Data Integration Data Integration - CCJP Archives and Interviews in 1995-6
3. Summary of 5 Brigade Impact on Tsholotsho
4.Overview of Human Rights Abuses, Nyamandlovu/ Tsholotsho
5. Village by village summary of events, incorporating maps of sub-regions

1.)Pumula Mission - western Tsholotsho

2.)Mbamba Camp - southern Tsholotsho

3.)Central Tsholotsho

4.)Northern Tsholotsho

5.)Commercial farms in the south

6.)Commercials farms, forestry and resettlement in the east.
6.Table summarising atrocities by sub-region
5.2.SOUTH AND SOUTH EASTERN TSHOLOTSHO

Parts of this very southern end of Tsholotsho seem to have been in the path of the early 5 Brigade onslaught, while others escaped until later in 1983.

In mid to late 1983, 5 Brigade set up an interrogation centre at MBAMBA - there are numerous reports of selected people being beaten and killed at Mbamba Camp from mid-1983 onwards.

[**** It is also interesting to note that interviewees from this very southern end of Tsholotsho seem to report a higher incidence of dissident presence and atrocities than any other area. (816, 824, 823, 826, 846ff) 5 Brigade atrocities still by far outnumber those of dissidents.]

NANDA AREA, (approx 15 km due west of Mbamba): BHANTI KRAAL:
29 JAN 1983: whole village rounded up and beaten and then several selected and shot. It is not clear how many were involved, names of 5 deceased and 2 assaulted.
(378, 379, 359, 377, 382-3-5)
FEB 1983: 2 girls collecting water beaten by 5B. One victim beaten again in March, with her husband. (1719-20)
1983: a man from here ran away to Plumtree where he was bayonetted to death by 5B. (381)
**CCJP case files also reports name of 1 dead here in 1983.
Dead: 6 known victims
Beaten: 50 est.

NANDA, NEMANE SCHOOL:
JAN 1983: A man found with goods stored in his house was taken to the school, made to say goodbye to his children and was then shot in the toilet. His family were told to celebrate his death, to "make umpululu". His wife was then abducted and taken to "be a wife" for 5B. (578-632)
**EARLY 1983: CCJP report tells of whole village being taken to Nemane School. A roll-call was called and those on it were shot dead, totalling 12. Mistresses (no number) were raped. (file B, also 384)
**9 FEB: a few days after the above killings a man was shot dead near the local store. (file B)
EARLY 1983: a villager trying to get to Tsholotsho to get an ID card was taken to the school where people were being killed. He was killed, along with others. (559 - this sounds same day as CCJP report.)
MARCH 1983: people were rounded up and taken to Nemane School, and were never seen again. Name of 4 victims, 2 women, 2 men. (371, 373, 375, 376)
17 AUG 1983: 17 Puma trucks took all young men in the greater area to Nanda air strip (?) where they were beaten and tortured for seven days. "Many" died and others were crippled for life. (1340, 1357, 1366)
Dead: 16 known, plus others from 3 different incidents.
Missing: 4
Raped: 3 plus others
Beaten: 50 est

NANDA AREA: time not clear, but after early 1983. 5 Brigade posing as dissidents locked people in their huts and then shot several. One named victim. (374)
NOV 1983: 2 men were burnt to death in a hut, by 5B - one was a herbalist accused of using his powers to help dissidents. (1276-77)
DEC 1983: 2 men were taken away for interrogation, also one from Denge, also a woman from Ngubomlilo and were never seen again.
(357, 358, 372, 1341)
NOV 84: a solitary 5B soldier in uniform shot a man after the victim had given him food. (380)
Dead: 4
Missing: 3

MALANDA: ( approx 20 km NW of Mbamba):
JUNE 1982: (this may be 83, as 5B is accused, or it may be another ZNA unit). Man assaulted for failure to report dissidents. (1364)
14 JAN 1983: villagers were told to assemble at Malanda Stores, where they were beaten. (1362-63)
**21 JAN: a doctor based at Tsholotsho hospital reports a man shot dead here by 5B and his wife severely beaten by 5B. This man's brother was shot a few days later, while home on leave from Bulawayo. (file E)
24 JAN 1983: A small group of 5B went from house to house on this day, and shot any young men they found, including 2 ZNA soldiers home on leave. They also severely beat up a pregnant woman, so that her baby was later born in pieces.(444, 466-7, 476-7, 1358) see page , for full statement.
1983: several individual assaults ( 1338, 1355, 134 )
APRIL 83: a couple badly beaten, man taken to Nanda and returned. They also shot up a neighbour's granary. (1368-69, 1370)
A man was detained and beaten after he went to report dissidents (1371).
MAY 83: A villager was taken in a truck and never seen again. (475)
JUNE 1983: a man found milking was shot and seriously injured. (1281)
JUNE 1983: young men were gathered at Malanda School and were beaten and forced to fight each other. Others were assaulted in their homes on this da: all 5B as perpetrator. (1359-60 61)
Man badly assaulted and then taken away some days later, missing - by 5B. (1365)
2 girls were raped in their home in front of family, and then were force marched with others to Malanda School where they were beaten. Could be same day as above - by 5B. (1373-74)
JULY 1983: ZAPU official beaten with burning logs - by 5B (1354)
AUG 1983: Man beaten and tortured with burning plastic - by 5B. (1337).
A woman horsewhipped - by 5B. (1367)
OCT 1983: a villager was beaten, detained and had his house burnt down - by 5B (1269)
MAY 1985: local herbalist beaten to death - by 5B (1352)
Dead: 8
Missing: 2
Raped: 2
Beaten: 23 known plus others
GSW: 1
Burnt: 1 homestead

MPUNGAYILE (near Nemane School)
1983: 5B shot dead a mentally retarded boy, and then shot 3 other men. Because the women wept, they were shot too, 4 of them. (547-52 incl, 561,566)
Dead: 8

ZIBALONKWE SCHOOL ( 8 km SW of Nemani Sch)
FEB 1983: Villagers were rounded up to the store and spent the night there. In the morning the teachers wre released. It is unclear whether wide-spread beating took place during the night, but the interviewee was beaten with gun butts and had property stolen. (545)
Beaten: 1 plus probably others.

BAYANE ( approx 13 km West of Tsh town)
Date not known - man abducted from here and never seen again. (352)
FEB 85: man abducted from here, by CIO, never seen again. (367)
Missing: 2

MBAMBA AREA, far south TSHOLOTSHO
Numerous reports of incidents in this area, from early 1983 - but more towards the end of 1983 and parts of 1984.
** EARLY 1983: CCJP reports 7 young men in Mbamba region gunned down. (file B).
MAY 83: a villager from near here was taken and never seen again. (840)
AUGUST 1983: a teacher was detained and tortured for 5 days. (791)
AUGUST 1984: 16 teachers from this area were badly tortured at Mbamba army camp. (792)
**** One of the teachers in the above incident was also stabbed by a dissident in 1982, for refusing him money. (792)
JULY 1983: an ex-ZIPRA demobbed man was taken off the bus at Mbamba shopping centre and never seen again, although his family were asked by the police to forward his ID card, demob info etc.(1325)
SEPT 1985: a man and his wife were beaten by CIO and the man was taken away to Mbamba where he was killed. (189, 712).
Dead: 8
Missing: 2
Tortured: 17
Injured: 2

DINYANE (1 km north of Mbamba) DEC 1983:
Woman made to cook for plain clothed armed men speaking Shona (ie. not dissidents), then is beaten the next day by 5 Brigade for feeding dissidents. Her entire household was burnt down. (822)
1983: a villager was killed by 5B at neighbouring Matule
FEB 1983: several villagers in nearby SILANDE were beaten by 5B. (818)
Dead: 1
Beaten: 5 ?
Burnt: 1 homestead

SOLUSWE SCHOOL AREA (3 km east of Mbamba)
1982?: a villager was shot by ZNA for curfew breaking. (837)
No date given: 2 soldiers from SU harrassed and beat 2 women before shooting their husbands dead. (832-34)
JAN 1983: 5B shot a man in the back and injured his father. (829-30)
?**** SEPT 85: 7 "armed men" shot the local ZANU chairman. (836)
?**** SEPT 85: one woman was killed and another bayonetted by "armed men". (851-2)
?**** SEPT 86?: 5 "armed men" beat 5 women from TSHETSHISA for "being in love with soldiers". (846-50)
Dead: 2 (diss) 3 (army)
Beaten: 7
Injured: 2

SIYANGAYA AREA: (5 km SSW of Mbamba)
14 JAN 1983: 2 schoolboys were shot dead at the school by 5B. (813-4)
A ZNA soldier home on leave was also shot dead here.
?**** 5 "armed men" killed a villager after he had cooked them chicken at their request. (831)
Dead: 4

TSHETSHISA (4 km south of Mbamba Camp).
18 JAN 1983: 2 young men were shot dead by 5B. (819-20)
Dead: 2

BUBUDE: (10 km south of Mbamba):
**** ? 1 JAN 1982: 2 villagers were badly beaten by "5 armed men". (802-3)
MARCH 1983: a man on his way to Tsholotsho CBD was detained, badly beaten and taken to Mbamba Camp before release. (801)
JULY 1983: 2 brothers were taken by plain clothes CIO and were never seen again. (1321-22)
AUG 1983: a man from here was detained, tortured at Tsholotsho, then at Stops Camp, then put in Chikurubi until 1987. (797)
DEC 1983: a 3 year old child was run over and killed by an Army Puma truck. (800).
DEC 1983: Villagers were force marched, tortured and beaten. 2 dead are named, also 1 badly tortured. (799)
FEB 1985: 2 young men taken by CIO and never seen again, although blood was seen on the road. (1323)
Dead: 3
Missing: 4
Tortured: 3 known
Beaten: 10?
Detained: 3

BUBUDE:
**** JULY 1982: Death in Crossfire (1319-20, 1322 incl). While dissidents were asking for water from the villagers, a ZNA unit entered the village and shot up a hut, killing a dissident and also seriously injuring two villagers, one of whom died.
Dead: 1 villager, 1 dissident
Injured: 1 villager

GUDUZA: (SE of Mbamba Camp)
DEC 1983: A man was shot while trying to collect his ID from a bus he had just left, at the request of 5 B. (1372)
Dead: 1

GOTSHANE - LUZE (8 km SE of Mbamba Camp, Mbalibali school area?)
MARCH 1983 at Dibha line, a homestead was burnt down by 5B. (827). Time not clear: 5 villagers were taken to the school and badly beaten, over several days. One victim went insane from this, ran away from hospital and has never been found. (841-5)
MARCH 84 (?): a villager found watering goats was taken to Mbamba and badly beaten, suffering broken hand and kidney damage. (828)
1984: 2 villagers were tortured by 5B, beaten and semi drowned. (810)
**** JULY 1984: 2 villagers were killed by dissidents, and 1 house burnt, for joining ZANU. (823-4)
Dead: 2
Missing: 1 (insane)
Beaten: 9
Tortured: 5
Burnt: 2 homesteads

MATHE (SE of Mbamba):
FEB 1983: The whole village was called to the primary school and was beaten by 5B. ZAPU chairman, and others (at least 4) were taken and tortured overnight. (1334-36)
1983: ex-ZIPRA man beaten and then shot dead, by 5B. (1327)
SEPT 1986: 2 men hanged by wire, by the "army", one then burnt to ashes in his hut. (1331 32, 1938)
Dead: 3
Beaten: 50 est
Detained: 4

MBALIBALI SCHOOL AREA ( South of Gotshane)
1983: several villagers from this area were beaten by 5B on different occasions. (807-8)
AUG 1983: a woman and her 12yr old son were detained, taken to Tsholotsho and beaten severely. The woman woke up in Mpilo hospital. (804-5)
A ZNA soldier from this area went missing. (806).
JAN 1985: a man from here was detained. (202).
Missing: 1
Beaten: 4 named
Detained: 1

TSHABANDA AREA (approx 20 km south of Mbamba):
4 JAN 1983: the whole village was rounded up to the local school by 5B and was beaten, some very badly, incl the local ZAPU treasurer. One victim was beaten again very severely in AUG 1983. (1326, 1342-43)
JUNE 1984: a man was assaulted with rifle butts at the store, by 5B. (1089).
APRIL 1985: 3 villagers badly beaten for not reporting dissidents. (1100-2)
Beaten: 50 est

DENGE - JIBI (near Tshabanda and Nkunze)
FEB 1983: 4 villagers watering cattle were severely tortured and beaten by 5B. (1088)
1983: 3 villagers were severely beaten by 5B. (1077-79)
APRIL 1983: an ex-ZIPRA man was taken by 5B and never seen again. (1083)
**** APRIL: a man and his wife and others were beaten by dissidents for preparing a meal too slowly. (1084-5)
MAY 1983: a villager was beaten by 5B with an axe and a gun. (1082)
JUNE 1983: a schoolgirl was killed and 2 others injured in a truck accident on the way back from a "pungwe". (1086-7)
MARCH 1984: 5B came at night and tortured a man and wife, pulling her ear off with pliers. They then raped the 2 daughters aged 12 and 15. The same months they also abducted an exZIPRA man who was never seen again. They beat him and his mother. (1094-5)
Dead: 1
Missing: 1
Raped: 2
Beaten: 10
Tortured: 2
Injured: 2

CHEFUNYE (South)
MARCH 1983: 5B took away a ZAPU chairman, who was never seen again. (1098)
1985: 2 villagers were taken away at night. The one was first forced to drink insecticide, and was beaten. The other was blind, and his wife found his ID paper torn up in the road, next to blood stains. (1097, 1099) See Part Three, I, page , for full statement on this victim.
MARCH 1985: The ZAPU vice-chair from Matshadula area was taken by 5B, who beat his wife and burnt the house down. In August they were shown his grave. (825)
Missing: 3
Dead: 1
Beaten: 1
Burnt: 1 homestead

NKUNZI- GODONGO-NSHABA: (south):
GODONGO - NSUKAMINI: FEB 1983: the whole village was marched to an open space near a river, and was beaten by 5 Brigade. At least 2 died and many others were badly injured. One interviewee comments that this was the only time 5 Brigade came to Godongo itself.
( 1348-49-50, 1375- 87 incl, 2262)
FEB 1983: a villager was abducted at night and never seen again. (1347)
JULY 1985: a villager was seriously beaten (1328)
5 Brigade detained 15 people at the Nkunzi business centre and sjamboked them. They were then shot at by 5 brigade, who missed. (1103)
One man was detained by 5 Brigade and went missing. (1347)
The owner of a big trading store in Nkunzi had all his stock stolen by 5 B (280)
The store owner was badly beaten in 1983 (1344).
Man detained, missing 1983 (1351)
Missing : 3
Dead: 2 known, plus others
Beaten: 50
Detained:18

NSHABA school
FEB 1983: 7 ex-ZIPRA men were killed, after the whole village was gathered at the school for the day. Not clear whether any beating took place. (1346)
Dead: 7

GODZO: (approx 2 km south of Magama Mission)
7 FEB 1983: 2 villagers beaten, taken from their homes and killed (1206-7)
4 MARCH 1983: man taken and never seen again.(1205)
JAN 1985: a villager was detained from here. (201)
Dead: 2
Missing: 1
Detained: 1

MGUZANA: (approx 2 km SE of Magama Mission)
5 FEB 1983: 2 taken and never seen again, one man, one woman. (1208-9)
Missing: 2

ENHLANGANO: (20 km SE of Tsholotsho town)
FEB 1983: 2 villagers from here were force-marched to Mananzwa line on the other side of Magama Mission, and then beaten before being shot dead. (1206-7)
FEB 1983: an old man mistaken for ZAPU chairman was very badly beaten. (1210)
Dead: 2
Beaten: 1

MATSHADULA (15 km south of Tsholotsho town):
FEB 1983: One Botswanan refugee taken and never seen again. (1676)
Missing: 1

MVUDHLANA: (5 km South of Tsholotsho town)
FEB 1983: a man from here went missing after visiting his mother further south. (1676)
Missing: 1

NKEZO: (near Tshanda):
**** SEPT 1985: several villagers beaten by dissidents, looking for a ZNA soldier. (1104-8, 1110-11)
Dead: 4
Beaten: 4 named victims, plus others
Burnt: 3 homesteads

SOLUSI MISSION:
**EARLY 1983: CCJP report of 5 schoolmistresses raped by the ZNA, and also a 16yr-old schoolgirl. (file B).
OCT 1983: man tortured by the Army and beaten for having raised ZIPRA combatants. (1732)
Raped: 6
Tortured: 1

5.3.CENTRAL TSHOLOTSHO
TSHOLOTSHO TOWN AREA:
From eyewitness accounts it is clear that Tsholotsho Business Centre showed obvious signs of the disturbance being caused by 5B in Tsholotsho as a whole. There are references to around 400 refugees camped permanently near the council offices, because their houses had been burnt down or because they thought they might be safer in a bigger centre. Many hundreds spent days queueing for Identity Cards, and also for ZANU-PF cards, without which they were likely to be shot. The safety many sought in Tsholotsho town proved elusive, with reports of young men in the town being rounded up, beaten, or executed at the nearby 5B camp. A variety of interviews and CCJP documents testify to this. (eg 609-11, 189, 1672-4, CCJP files B and E, all ff).

JAN 83: man taken from his workplace and never seen again. (444)
FEB 1983: mass beating and deaths at "the borehole" - is this the same incident as the deaths referred to at the "hospital tap"? (522 - CCJP refers to similar incident)
[FEB 83: many young men shot in a grave they had been made to dig themselves. Some of these were from other parts of Tsholotsho - this incident has already been recorded in the Pumula Mission section. (609-10-11) ]
Dead: several
Missing: 1
Beaten: ?

Another interviewee refers to being beaten for buying food, and says "they" were forced to dig their own grave, but she manages to escape before being killed. Number of people involved not clear, could be part of above incident. (1353)

MARCH 83: a man was assaulted by SU, just east of the centre. (3249)
**14 MARCH: CCJP reports between 600-700 women and children being loaded on to trucks and being taken away, and the same thing the next day. No men were around, destination remains unclear.
JUNE 1983: 3 store employees were taken from the CBD in a Puma to Mbamba Camp and were tortured, allegedly for phoning the store owners in Bulawayo and warning them 5B were still in the area. (1679-80-81)
1983: month unknown: member of ZNA taken and never seen again. (1200)
**4 FEB 1984: A Botswanan refugee was detained by 5B and was believed to have been shot. (file '84)
FEB 1985: 7 bodies were found on Tsholotsho football field, after the dead had been collected by landrover from their homes at night. This murder was a reprisal for murder of ZANU officials. (204)
SEPT 1985: a man abducted from Matola was tortured at Tsholotsho police camp and then drowned in the well. His wife was also badly assaulted. (189)
NOV 1985: A woman disappeared after release from detention. (185)
Dead: 9 known plus others
Missing: 2
Tortured: 3
Beaten: 2 known.

TSHOLOTSHO DISTRICT COUNCIL OFFICES:
FEB 1983: several council employees taken by truck, were seen being beaten and killed. 7 named victims. (469-70, 1251-2, 1675
FEB 1985: 2 employees were abducted by CIO and never seen again. (114, 474)
**CCJP also refers (file B).
Dead: 7 known, plus others.
Missing: 2

TSHOLOTSHO HOSPITAL
** FEB 1983: CCJP document reporting dramatic increase in casualties who have been beaten or suffered GSW at the hands of the army. One victim is a survivor of a mass shooting at Madona (see below) and the CIO arrive at the hospital and remove this man "for interrogation". Same witness reports massive influx of refugees into the town. 3 named victims are reported as being severely beaten while walking to Tsholotsho from Madona. (file E)
Beaten: 3 named, many others indicated
GSW: 1, man then detained.

MADONA-LUPINDI- DOMBO VILLAGES: (1-7 km north of Tsholotsho town ):
FEB 1983: 5B referred to as "burning huts and killing people" in these 3 villages on 1st and 2nd Feb. At least one named victim was also killed at Manzamahle Dam to the east of Tsholotsho town on this day.
7 named villagers taken and never seen again, 2 killed in their houses, 2 homes burnt, homes of 4 other villagers plundered - Madona (1672-4, 1743-51 incl)
** EARLY 1983 : CCJP reports deaths of 10 people in Madona, 8 were shot and 2 were burnt to death in a hut. (file B - : file E also refers)
At least 2 homes burnt and 1 person killed - Dombo
(1670-71, 1672-73-74)
Homes burnt and people killed - Lupindi
FEB 1985: 2 villagers taken the same day 2 Council employees also disappeared (see above), never seen again. (1670-71)
Dead: 14 victims - plus others
Missing: 9 named
Burnt: 4 known homesteads plus others
plus 4 homes plundered

MUSIKAWA ( near Tsholotsho town)
**30 JAN 1983: CCJP document reports 12 shot dead here on this Sunday. Many others were beaten here on the same day.(file E)
Dead: 12
Beaten: 20 est

Apart from 5 Brigade units based at Tsholotsho town, there seems to have been an interrogation centre at Dhalamini Rest Camp to the west, and villages between Dhlamini and Tsholotsho town were repeatedly involved in 5 Brigade incidents.

MAGOTSHA: (between Tsholotsho town - 7 km away -and Emkayeni):
FEB 1983: Interviewee reports being involved in a mass beating here, on his way between the two centres. At least one shot dead. He talks of escaping from this after being beaten, to the hospital, where he witnesses 5 Brigade killing people at the "water tap" at the hospital. (522)
**3 FEB: CCJP also report a mass beating here, during which a man found driving a scotch cart is accused of buying cigarettes for dissidents and is shot dead. (file E)
Dead: 2 known - several, exact number unclear.
Beaten: 50 est.

EMKAYENI: (Approx 25 km NW of Tsholotsho town)
Very badly hit by 5 Brigade in early Feb 1983.
**EARLY FEB: 7 teachers killed and thrown into a pit latrine (CCJP file E).
Man sitting outside his house shot dead. (493)
7 FEB: mass beatings, burning of all homesteads, and 5 young men shot dead. (514, 529)
Some also died later from beating injuries. (521) This same group of 5B, numbering possibly 200, also hit Zibunkululu on this day, and several villagers from Emkayeni were later shot at Zibunkululu. (530-1)
12 FEB 83: a man was accused of running away from 5B and was beaten to death and robbed. (527)
MARCH 1983: many rounded up and beaten, then taken to Dhlamini Rest Camp, from where they never returned. One was a man on leave from SA. (501, 516-17, 524, 525)
Missing:4 known
Dead: 18 known
Beaten: 100 est
Huts burned: 15?

**MAY 1983: CCJP report of 10 schoolgirls being forced by 5B to have sex daily after school in the vicinity of Dhalamini Rest Camp. Exact villages of origin not on the document, to safeguard girls concerned.
Raped: 10

**** AUG 1984: Man beaten by 8 dissidents with sticks and a hammer for being a sellout. He died later. (504)
Dead: 1

Another man, date not clear, beaten until his ears bled, by 5B, for not revealing whereabouts of dissidents. (506).
Villager, time not clear, beaten by 5B at night, then was shot through the back of the head. (515)
Villagers, time not clear, beaten while herding cattle and tilling the land. (518)
Another taken by 5B while tilling, never seen again. (523)
Dead: 1
Missing: 1
Beaten: 5

ZIBINKULULU: (near Emkayeni: 20 km NW of Tsholotsho Town):
11 FEB 1983: Mass beating, shooting, and burning of huts, by huge group of 5 Brigade. 6 named victims. Some interviews estimate as many as 200 5B present, and say they were moved to Emkayeni before the beating. Some of the dead were picked up at Tsholotsho Beer Garden because their names were on a list. (360, 362, 366, 444, 530-531-526, 1185)
Dead: 8 named, possibly others.
Beaten: 50 est
Huts burned: ?

FEB 1983: the day after the beating, they detained a boy who had run away and killed him. (363)
APRIL 1983: another villager was detained, and never seen again. (365)
July 1983: a man was taken with a neighbour to Tsholotsho Town and detained at Makwinzini. They were tortured and beaten, then released. (364)
Missing: 1
Dead: 1
Beaten: 3 known

MATOLE (3 km NW of Emkayeni)
FEB 83: Villagers from here were also rounded up to Emkayeni on the 7th and beaten, and their houses were also burnt down. A man ferrying mealie-meal in a scotch cart was badly beaten.
Another villager, who passed 5B dressed as dissidents on the path, and then failed to report their presence, was killed by the same 5B men. (498, 528, 532, 536, 1244)
FEB 83: several villagers from Tula line were grouped in the bush and beaten with bayonets (3219-20)
MARCH 1984: 2 villagers were taken by a truck at night and never seen again. (533-4)
MARCH 1984:A man was beaten in front of his family, and then made to run away. He was shot in the back. (535)
Dead: 2
Missing: 2
Beaten: 50 est
Burnt: several homesteads - 4 named

NYAMAZANA and MBUHULANA (approx 7 to 10 km SW of Matole)
FEB 83: villagers from these 2 lines were marched to Matole school. Dissidents shot at 5B and some villagers escaped. All the others were made to lie down and were beaten with logs.(5 named plus others ) After the beating, 9 homesteads were burnt (7 names). A man from here was detained. (3200-7)
Dead:1
Beaten:100 est
Burnt:9 homesteads
Detained:1

NGADZI and JOWA: (approx 30 km NW of Tsholotsho town, on a pan):
JAN 1983: People rounded from fields by 5 Brigade and beaten, first the women and then the men. References to "all " the houses being burned, some taken to Dhlamini Rest Camp, and never seen again. (499, 500-1-3, 505, 507-8, 520, 1726, 3283).
OCT, year unclear, another villager taken by 5B, brought back and shot at his kraal. (442)
Dead: 1
Missing: 3 known
Beaten: 50 est
Huts burned: 6 named homesteads plus others

MANONDWENI and MAZIBULALA: (10 km NW of Dhlamini Rest Camp):
FEB 1983: whole village of Manondweni force marched to Mazibulala and beaten all morning. At 2p.m. 2 men were killed, one for being the father of a ZAPU official. (1175-99 incl)
Dead: 2
Beaten: 100 est

DHLAMINI REST CAMP:
1983: in the village of Emhlabeni, 1 homestead was burnt (3283).
NOV 1985: mass beating of all the young men from the villages of DLAKANIYA, BAYANI, TSHAYISANI (Mabhanda), EMHLABENI, XANIXANI, VAGASINI AND DHLAMINI. They were rounded up in groups of 30 or more and beaten, by 5B, first at the rest camp and then in Tsholotsho. They were released after several days. (206)
Beaten: 210 est
Burnt: 1 homestead

MONEMA: (6 km E of Dhlamini)
APRIL 1984: the army beat a man and smashed his radio. There is reference to several "fellow workers" being taken and never returning. (3215)
Missing:1+
Beaten:1

DLAKANIYA KRAAL: (approx 10 km east of Dhlamini Rest Camp):
END JAN 1983: a mass beating of several kraals, with at least one death.(675-678)
** CCJP has a Commission of Inquiry statement on this incident, in which villagers were forced to beat each other as well as being beaten by 5B. One villager was beaten to death. (fileA)
FEB 1983: A ZNA man on leave was taken and never seen again. (659)
Another villager, time not clear, possibly 1985 (see Hangapu) was picked up in a truck at night and never seen again. (660)
**** MARCH 1985: dissidents came to a homestead and demanded food. SU arrived and 2 villagers were killed in crossfire, and 1 injured. (694-6)
Dead: 3 known, possibly others
Missing: 2
GSW: 1
Beaten: 30 est

HANGAPU (just east of Dlakaniya)
MARCH 1985: 4 men were picked up on the same night from different kraals, and were never seen again. (662, 664, 695, 3306)
Missing: 4

GARIGARI: (3 km N of Hangapu)
****MARCH 1986: dissidents burnt down 3 homesteads completely. (3277-9)
Burnt:3 homesteads

MPANEDZIBA: (approx 20 km NE of Dhlamini Rest Camp):
FEB 1983: 5 Brigade were camped at their borehole at this time. It seems there were several incidents in a short time here.
EARLY FEB: several homesteads (11 known) were burnt, one killed, others beaten (668, 3280/1/4/5/6/8).
11 FEB: a woman was tortured and her house was burnt with her in it, although she survived. (1201)
25 FEB: villagers were all gathered together and beaten in the morning by one group of 5B. Then later the same day, another unit beat them again. This is different to the above incident, as interviewee refer to it as happening "after the huts were burnt". (661, 663, 668)
MARCH 1983: a young woman coming from the fields was asked to take her baby off her back and was then beaten until unconscious, by 5B. (665)
MARCH 1983: a ZNA soldier on leave was picked up by 5B and never seen again. (370)
EARLY 1983: an ex-ZIPRA from here was detained in Bulawayo where he was hiding, and was never seen again. (669)
APRIL 1984? This happened after victim had rebuilt his burnt hut. He was beaten, shot at, and then managed to stab 5B soldier with a knife. (666)
Another villager was taken off the bus at a month-end (pay day) and was never seen again. His wife was beaten. (667)
FEB 1985: 3 villagers were abducted by vehicle, and never seen again. (354, 368, 369)
1986: 2 villagers, one of them a small child injured by 5B. (543)
Dead: at least one
Missing: 6
Beaten: 50 est
Burnt: 11 known homesteads

MOYENI (5 km SE of Mpanedziba)
**FEB 1983: 11 kraals were burnt - CCJP Comm of Inquiry statement. (file A, also 3289 3305).
On the same day, all the villagers from Moyeni and Maqetuka were taken to Moyeni and beaten. (3282)
Beaten: 100 est
Burnt: 11 homesteads

MAQETUKA: (due west of St Joseph's:)
FEB 83: 1 homestead was burnt here on the same day as Moyeni burning. (3282)
FEB 1985: 5 Brigade drove up and down the line knocking on every door, taking certain people, who were never seen again. (1097-98-99).
Missing: 3 plus others.
Burnt:1 homestead

MALINDI (12 km SE of Mpanedziba)
** APRIL 1983: CCJP has copies of Medical Records of victim who was first beaten near Tshabangu store and then taken with other men to Tsholotsho airstrip. Here he was tied to a tree and beaten, suffering permanent damage to use of arms. He was also given electric shocks to his testicles. He mentions 20 others (not all from his town) receiving similar treatment. Dated from May 83 - beating apparently in April 83. (file A - CI).
JULY 1985: 2 men were picked up by CIO and never seen again. (193-4)
Missing: 2
Tortured: 20

MAKALALE LINE (Chief Mswigana's area)
OCT 1984: a woman was raped and abducted by "soldiers", while her husband was a refugee in Botswana. She later died. (1729-30)
Dead: 1
Raped: 1

NEMBE (15 km NNW of Tsholotsho town):
MAY 1985: 4 beaten, and a homestead burnt, by 5B. (1217)
FEB 1983: 2 boys taken by 5B to Dhlamini Rest Camp and beaten. One never returned, and was rumoured to have been killed and buried there. (1668-69)
Missing: 1
Beaten: 6
Burnt: 1 homestead

MKUBAZI (20 km NNW of Tsholotsho town)
FEB 1983: villagers heard 5B vehicles coming to the dam and many ran away. Those that stayed were beaten, and 2 were killed, shot dead after the beatings. (3222-4)
MARCH 1983: 1 villager was beaten by 5B.
APRIL 1983: an old woman was accused of harbouring dissidents and beaten. 2 others died this same day. (3226, c-r 3231?)
MAY 1983: villagers brewed beer to appease their ancestors, and were accused of brewing for dissidents and beaten (3227-8).
JULY 1983: a villager at a beer drink was assaulted by 5B (3229).
**** JULY 1983: dissidents shot one villager dead and beat his wife. (537)
1983: a villager going to buy cigarettes at the store was shot dead by 5B (3230) Another villager disappeared, last seen running away from 5B. (3231 -c-r 3226?)
1987: a man who owned his own grinding mill was assaulted for "feeding dissidents", by ZNA. His grinding mill was destroyed, and he was badly injured in the groin.
Dead: 5
Beaten: 50 est?

PONDO: (6 km north of Mkubazi)
JUNE 83: an old man was detained by 5B and tied to a treee all night. He was assaulted, breaking a rib, taken to various camps and then to Tsholotsho CBD wwhere he was kept in a pit for 7 days. He was assaulted throughout this time, then released. (3242)
JULY 83: another old man from here was accused of growing fat on cattle originally stolen from Mashonaland (a reference to Ndebele plundering in the 19th century). He was taken by puma and never seen again, along with another man from Malindi line.
Missing: 2
Beaten:1
Detained:3

SOMQIBE: (13 km NNW of Tsholotsho town)
FEB 83: A ZNA soldier was beaten by 5B and then taken to Dugwe school and killed. (464)
APRIL 83: an old woman was woken and bayonetted by 5B, and her son was dragged out of bed and shot dead. (3240-1)
Dead: 2
Bayonetted:1

LUTIBA: (7 km SW of Tsholotsho town)
MARCH 83: Villager taken by 5B and never seen again. (471)
Missing: 1

SONTAMBA (15 km W of Tsholotsho town)
FEB 84: CIO took away an old man and he was never seen again. (468)
MARCH 1983 A man who saw 5B coming ran home and warned his family to flee. He stayed behind to buy them time, and was killed. (351)
Dead: 1
Missing: 1

MATSWAHENI: (18 km due W of Tsholotsho town):
NOV 1985: 5 people killed by CIO disguised? (538)
Dead: 5

NTULULA (approx 30 km due W of Tsholotsho Town):
1 FEB 1983: a woman fetching water was shot dead and so was her baby, by 5B. They beat her father who came looking for her. Then they came back and bayonetted the father and his nephew to death, as well as burning huts. (563-4-5)
4 FEB: All the villagers were rounded up and beaten by 5B, some beaten to death - 2 named deaths. Huts were also burnt. (546, 556,)
JUNE 1983: villager reports 5B beating villagers and burning several homesteads - could be above incident, with wrong date? (2440)
**** MARCH 84 2 Dissidents killed a ZNA member by cutting off his testicles and his head. They also killed his mother and brother, as sell-outs. (355)
Dead: 9 known, plus others
Beaten: 50 est
Burned: 4 homesteads plus others

MABELE: (4 km NNW of Tshitashawa)
EARLY 83: 5B took 2 men away. One returned and reported the other had been killed and buried. 5B stole property. (3221)
Dead:1

TSHITASHAWA (approx 10 km N of Ntulula):
FEB 1983: Teacher assaulted and property stolen.
3 others, one aged 14 gunned down in this area and buried separately. (file H)
SEPT 1986: dissidents passed through this area and the next day 5B came and stole some property and hit one villager on the side of his head. (1124, 1250).
Dead: 3
Beaten: 2

ENSEDHLWINI (4 km ESE of Tshitashawa)
JUNE 83: 5B beat the whole line for several hours, allegedly for failing to report dissidents. At least one homestead was burnt. (3216-17)
Beaten:50 est
Burnt:1 homestead

ST JOSEPH'S SCHOOL: (East Central, 30 km S of Tsholotsho town):
2 FEB 1983: everyone was marched by 5B to a nearby pool, 2 women "tortured", 6 shot dead, others beaten.
MARCH 1983: 1 villager went missing. (809)
Missing: 1
Dead: 6
Beaten: 50 est

NKWIZHU (2 km SW of St Joseph's School):
APRIL 1983: man beaten and tortured, and house burnt down for failing to inform 5 B of dissident presence. (1735)
Beaten: 1
Burnt: 1

MANAWENI: (nr St Joseph's school):
MARCH 1983: 2 killed, one woman had her head chopped off, and her homestead burnt, by 5B.
(1228-29)
Dead: 2
Burned: 1 homestead

JIMILA (5 km W of St Joseph's)
JAN 1983: 5 Brigade burnt down many houses here. In Jan and Feb they also shot 8 men, several in one incident and others in separate incidents.(2415 - 2435 incl)
JUNE 1983: a villager was taken away by 5B and shot. (2421)
** 21 JUNE 1983: Builders ran away from 5B and one was killed.
CCJP case files name 9 dead here in 1983, and 10 property losses, and 1 assault
Dead: 9
Beaten: 1
Burnt: 10

NTULANI (? Amnesty refers)
JAN 1985: 2 men were detained from here. (1196-7)
Detained: 2

MGUZANA (?Amnesty refers)
JAN 1985: 2 men were detained from here. (199-200)
Detained: 2

SPINGWINI - MAGAMA: (15 km SE of Tsholotsho town):
MARCH 1983: 5 Brigade abducted several men, after severely beating several villagers and destroying property. They chopped off one man's arms and legs and came back the next day and shot him. At least one other was killed, and several taken were never seen again.
(472-473)
JAN 1985: a villager was detained here. (198)
Dead: 2 known
Missing: several, one named.
Beaten: 5 ?
Detained: 1

TSHAYISANI: (15 due south of Janiza)
****AUG 82: 6 villagers reported the presence of dissidents. The Army attacked the dissidents, who returned and beat them, killing 1 villager, and cutting off the ear of one. (3214)
Dead:1
Mutilated:1
Beaten:5
VILLAGE BY VILLAGE SUMMARY OF NAMED AND UNNAMED VICTIMS continued